Showing posts sorted by date for query India. Sort by relevance Show all posts
Showing posts sorted by date for query India. Sort by relevance Show all posts

Which Country Buys the Most Airline Tickets Each Year?

Which Country Buys the Most Airline Tickets Each Year? (2025 Data)

Every year, hundreds of millions of people around the world buy plane tickets — for business trips, family visits, holidays, and everything in between. But when you add it all up by country, one nation towers over the rest: the United States.

According to the International Air Transport Association's (IATA) latest World Air Transport Statistics report, the US remained the world's biggest passenger market in 2025, with 890.1 million passengers recorded arriving and departing. That's not a typo — nearly 900 million tickets flown in a single year, in a country of roughly 340 million people. On average, that works out to more than two and a half flights for every man, woman, and child in America.

The Top 5 Air Travel Markets in 2025

Rank Country Passengers (2025) Year-over-Year Growth
1 United States 890.1 million +1.6%
2 China 776.1 million +4.8%
3 United Kingdom 269.7 million
4 Spain
5 Japan

The gap between first and second place looks large, but it's closing. China's aviation market grew nearly three times faster than America's in 2025, and it isn't a fluke — it's part of a long-running trend.

Why the US Leads

A few factors explain why America has held the top spot for so long:

Sheer geography. The US spans nearly 3,000 miles coast to coast, and unlike much of Europe or East Asia, it never built out a national high-speed rail network. For a trip from New York to Los Angeles, flying isn't just the fastest option — it's often the only practical one.

Population and wealth combined. Size alone doesn't guarantee high ticket volumes (India, for instance, has four times the US population but a much smaller aviation market). What matters is the combination of a large population and enough disposable income for people to fly regularly, whether for work or leisure.

A dense hub-and-spoke network. Major hubs like Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport, Dallas-Fort Worth, Chicago O'Hare, Denver, and Los Angeles funnel huge volumes of connecting traffic, on top of point-to-point demand. Atlanta alone has spent years as the world's busiest airport.

Global hub status. Beyond domestic flying, the US serves as a major gateway for international travel between the Americas, Europe, and Asia-Pacific, adding to the total passenger count.

China Is Catching Up — Fast

China's rise is the other big story in global aviation. Its domestic market has exploded alongside rising middle-class incomes and an aggressive airport-construction program. Industry forecasts, including estimates from Airbus, suggest China's domestic air travel market could be roughly a third larger than the US market by 2045, with several analysts projecting China will overtake the US as the world's single largest air passenger market sometime in the 2030s.

For now, though, the numbers still favor the US by a wide margin — more than 100 million passengers ahead of China in 2025.

Beyond the Top Two

After the US and China, passenger totals drop off sharply. The UK, Spain, and Japan round out the top five, but none come close to the scale of the two leaders. Countries like Ireland, Panama, Singapore, and the Netherlands also punch above their weight in passenger traffic — not because of domestic demand, but because their airports function as major international transfer hubs (Ryanair's registration in Ireland, for example, means its flights count toward Irish totals even when neither endpoint is in Ireland).

Regionally, the picture looks a little different: Asia-Pacific as a whole is now the world's largest air travel region, driven by enormous intra-regional demand across countries like China, India, Indonesia, and Japan — even though no single Asian country yet rivals the US on its own.

The Bottom Line

For now, the United States remains the undisputed leader in annual air ticket purchases, a position it has held for decades thanks to its geography, economy, and aviation infrastructure. But the gap is narrowing, and China's rapid growth suggests the title of "world's biggest air travel market" may change hands within the next decade or two.

Data source: IATA World Air Transport Statistics, 2025 report.

Raksha Bandhan History, Meaning & Celebration Guide

Raksha Bandhan 

History, Meaning & Complete Celebration Guide

Keywords: Raksha Bandhan, Raksha Bandhan history, rakhi festival, sibling festival India, Raksha Bandhan meaning, Raksha Bandhan traditions, Hindu festivals, Raksha Bandhan 2026 date, rakhi celebration guide

What Is Raksha Bandhan?

Raksha Bandhan, also known as Rakhi, Rakhi Purnima, or by regional names like Saluno and Silono, is one of the most cherished Hindu festivals, celebrated primarily across India, Nepal, and among Hindu communities worldwide. The name itself comes from Sanskrit — raksha meaning "protection" and bandhan meaning "bond" or "tie." At its heart, the festival honors and strengthens the bond between brothers and sisters, symbolized through the tying of a sacred thread called a "rakhi."

Raksha Bandhan always falls on the full moon day (Purnima) of the Hindu lunar month of Shravana, which typically lands in August. In 2026, Raksha Bandhan falls on Friday, 28 August, with the traditionally auspicious morning window for tying the rakhi running from approximately 5:57 AM to 9:48 AM IST, as the inauspicious "Bhadra" period ends before sunrise that day — making 2026 considered a particularly favorable year to perform the ritual.

The History and Origin of Raksha Bandhan

The roots of Raksha Bandhan reach deep into Indian mythology and history, with several legends explaining its origin:

  • Indra and Indrani: One of the oldest references describes Indrani (Sachi), wife of the god Indra, tying a protective thread on his wrist before a battle against demons, believed to have granted him strength and protection.
  • Krishna and Draupadi: A popular legend from the Mahabharata tells of Draupadi tying a piece of cloth torn from her sari around Lord Krishna's wrist to stop his bleeding, after which Krishna vowed to protect her — a bond he honored years later during her moment of crisis in the royal court.
  • Historical accounts: Some historical narratives describe queens sending rakhi threads to rulers of other kingdoms as a symbolic request for protection and alliance, blending the festival's meaning with diplomacy and trust between communities, not just blood relatives.

Over centuries, these stories merged into the modern tradition celebrated today: a day when sisters tie a rakhi on their brothers' wrists as a symbol of love and protection, and brothers, in turn, promise to protect and support their sisters throughout life.

Why Is Raksha Bandhan Celebrated? The Main Reason

The central purpose of Raksha Bandhan is to celebrate and reaffirm the sibling bond — but its meaning runs deeper than a single relationship type:

  • Protection and duty — brothers pledge to protect and support their sisters, while sisters pray for their brothers' wellbeing and long life.
  • Unconditional love — the festival is a yearly reminder of the emotional closeness siblings share, especially as families grow apart geographically.
  • Extended bonds — the ritual isn't limited to biological siblings; cousins, close friends, and even non-family protectors can be tied a rakhi, symbolizing chosen bonds of trust and care.
  • Renewal of family ties — for many families, it's one of the few occasions each year that reliably brings siblings together, whether in person or virtually.

How Raksha Bandhan Is Celebrated

While customs vary by region and family, the core ritual generally includes the following steps:

  1. The sister performs a small aarti (ritual with a lit lamp) for her brother.
  2. She applies a tilak (a mark of turmeric, sandalwood, or kumkum) on his forehead.
  3. She ties the rakhi thread around his wrist while offering prayers for his wellbeing.
  4. The brother offers sweets to his sister and, in turn, promises his lifelong protection and support.
  5. Gifts are exchanged — traditionally money or jewelry from the brother, alongside heartfelt gifts from the sister.
  6. Families often gather for a festive meal, and many households prepare traditional sweets like ladoos or barfis for the occasion.

In modern times, with families often separated by distance, rakhis are commonly sent by post or courier, and video calls have become a common way for siblings abroad to still take part in the ceremony together.

Regional Variations

Raksha Bandhan is known and celebrated slightly differently across India:

  • Western India (Maharashtra, Gujarat): Coincides with Narali Purnima, when coastal communities also offer coconuts to the sea.
  • Northern India: Rakhi is traditionally tied in the morning, alongside family gatherings and festive meals.
  • Eastern India: Known in parts of Bihar and Jharkhand as Saluno or Silono, sometimes combined with local agricultural rituals.
  • Nepal: Celebrated as Janai Purnima or Rakshya Bandhan, with additional Hindu religious observances.

Practical Information — Raksha Bandhan 2026

  • Date: Friday, 28 August 2026
  • Occurs on: Purnima (full moon) of the Shravana month
  • Auspicious morning window (2026): approx. 5:57 AM – 9:48 AM IST (Bhadra ends before sunrise this year)
  • Significance: Celebrates the bond, love, and mutual protection between brothers and sisters
  • Observed by: Hindus in India, Nepal, and diaspora communities worldwide
  • Also known as: Rakhi, Rakhi Purnima, Saluno, Silono

More than just a ritual with a colorful thread, Raksha Bandhan endures because it captures something universal — the enduring promise siblings make to look out for one another. Whether celebrated with a simple rakhi tied at home or a joyful family gathering, the festival remains one of India's warmest expressions of love, trust, and lifelong loyalty.

Passport & Visa Photo Maker

latestfoto.com — photo tools

Passport & Visa Photo Maker

Upload a photo or use your camera, choose your country's size, then drag and zoom to align your head and shoulders with the guides. Everything happens in your browser — nothing is uploaded anywhere.

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Drag the photo to reposition and use the slider to zoom in or out until your head and shoulders sit inside the outline, with your eyes on the red line.
Output: 827 x 1063 px

Sawan Ka Mela Sarnath Varanasi

Sawan Ka Mela Sarnath, Varanasi

Complete Guide to the 2026 Shravan Fair

Every year, as the monsoon clouds settle over Kashi, the holy month of Sawan (Shravan) transforms Varanasi into a city of devotion and celebration. Among the many fairs that light up the city during this period, the Sawan Ka Mela Sarnath stands out as one of the most popular, drawing families, pilgrims, and tourists to the fields around the ancient Buddhist town of Sarnath, just a short drive from the ghats of Varanasi.

What Is Sawan Ka Mela?

The Sawan Mela is a traditional monsoon-season fair held across several localities of Varanasi during the Hindu month of Shravan. Fairs and festivities spring up across the city during this time, with the melas at Durgakund, Assi, Beniyabagh, and Sarnath among the best known. While the Durgakund fair is centred around the historic temple campus, the Sarnath grounds outside the city serve as a large open festival site that fills with chants of "Har Har Mahadev," the scent of incense, and the aroma of street snacks such as panipuri and samosas.

Sawan Mela Sarnath 2026 Dates

The fair runs through the entire Shravan month. In 2026, the Varanasi Sawan Mela is scheduled to run for about 15 days, starting 30 July and continuing through 28 August, in line with the North Indian Purnimanta calendar. This aligns with the broader Shravan month calendar for North India, where the 2026 Shravan month begins on Thursday, 30 July, and concludes on Friday, 28 August.

Devotees observing Sawan Somwar (Monday) fasts during this period can plan their visit around the four sacred Mondays that fall within the month, all considered auspicious for Shiva worship.

Where Sawan Mela Sarnath Is Held

The fairground is located in the open spaces surrounding Sarnath, one of Buddhism's most sacred pilgrimage sites. Sarnath itself lies about 13 km to the north-east of Varanasi and is regarded as one of the holiest Buddhist pilgrimage centres in the country, revered as the place where the Buddha delivered his first sermon after attaining enlightenment. The fairground's proximity to this heritage site gives the Sarnath mela a distinct character — a lively, family-friendly carnival set against a backdrop of centuries-old stupas and monasteries.

Rides, Food, and Entertainment

Like the other Sawan melas of Varanasi, the Sarnath fair is a sensory experience built around simple monsoon-season joys:

  • Fun rides: Merry-go-rounds, cup-and-saucer rides, and giant swings draw crowds of children and adults alike.
  • Street food stalls: Vendors sell chaat, golgappa, mewa kulfi, nankhatai, dahi bhalle, jhaal mudi, momos, and lassi throughout the fairground.
  • Shopping stalls: Bangles, toys, home goods, and seasonal items are sold by local traders.
  • Cultural atmosphere: Devotional songs, chants of "Har Har Mahadev," and the smell of incense fill the air as devotees move between shrines and stalls.

Why Sarnath Makes This Mela Special

Beyond the festivities, Sarnath's own historical and spiritual weight adds another dimension to a visit during the mela season. Located roughly 10 km from Varanasi, Sarnath is where Gautama Buddha delivered his first sermon, "The First Turning of the Wheel of Dharma," marking the founding of the Buddhist Sangha. The site is recognised as a UNESCO World Heritage location and remains one of the most revered pilgrimage destinations for Buddhists worldwide.

Visitors combining the mela with sightseeing can explore several landmark monuments nearby:

  • Dhamekh Stupa: Standing 42 metres tall, this stupa is believed to enshrine relics of the Buddha.
  • Ashoka Pillar: Erected around 232 BCE by Emperor Ashoka, this polished pillar bears the Lion Capital, which was later adopted as India's national emblem.
  • Chaukhandi Stupa: Traditionally regarded as the spot where the Buddha met his first five disciples.
  • Sarnath Museum: Houses archaeological finds from the site, including sculptures from the Ashokan and Gupta periods.

Best Time to Visit

The mela is at its liveliest in the evenings, when the day's heat subsides and families come out after work or school. Weekends and Sawan Mondays (Somwar) tend to see the largest crowds, so early evenings on weekdays are ideal for a quieter, more relaxed visit. Carrying an umbrella or raincoat is advisable, since the fair runs through the peak monsoon weeks.

How to Reach Sarnath

Sarnath is well connected to Varanasi city and Varanasi Junction (Cantt) railway station by road, with auto-rickshaws, taxis, and app-based cabs readily available. Varanasi's Lal Bahadur Shastri International Airport is about 30 km away. Travellers can combine a mela visit with a half-day tour of Sarnath's Buddhist monuments and the museum.

Frequently Asked Questions

When does Sawan Mela Sarnath 2026 start and end?

The Varanasi Sawan Mela, including the Sarnath grounds, runs alongside the Shravan month — from 30 July to 28 August 2026 in North India.

Is Sawan Mela Sarnath free to enter?

Yes, the fairground itself is open to the public without an entry fee; visitors pay only for rides, food, and shopping at individual stalls.

Is Sarnath only a Buddhist site, or is it also connected to Sawan and Lord Shiva?

Sarnath is primarily known as a Buddhist pilgrimage centre, but the surrounding area hosts one of Varanasi's popular Shiva-associated Sawan fairs, making it a meeting point of Buddhist heritage and Shravan-season Hindu festivity.

What should I carry to Sawan Mela Sarnath?

Carry an umbrella or raincoat, comfortable footwear, and cash for stalls, as many small vendors may not accept digital payments.

Official and Reliable Sources

Keywords: Sawan Ka Mela Sarnath, Sawan Mela Varanasi 2026, Sarnath fair Varanasi, Shravan Mela Sarnath dates, Sawan Mela near Sarnath temple, Varanasi monsoon fair, Sarnath Buddhist site Varanasi, Sawan Mela Kashi.

Solar Eclipse

Solar Eclipse on 12 August 2026

Was It Visible in India? 

Full Details, Path of Totality & Live Updates

The solar eclipse on 12 August 2026 was one of the most talked-about astronomical events of the year — and also one of the most confusing for skywatchers in India. Millions searched "solar eclipse today in India" and "surya grahan 12 August 2026 India time," only to discover that this total solar eclipse was not visible from Indian skies at all. Here's the complete, fact-checked breakdown of what actually happened, where the eclipse was visible, and why India missed out — based on official NASA and National Solar Observatory (NSO) data.

Search interest spiked across India on 12 August 2026 — but the eclipse wasn't visible there.

Was the Solar Eclipse Visible in India on 12 August 2026?

No — the 12 August 2026 total solar eclipse was not visible anywhere in India. Despite the huge spike in searches for "eclipse in India today," Indian skywatchers did not witness any phase of this eclipse — not even a partial one. This eclipse belonged almost entirely to the Northern Hemisphere's Arctic and North Atlantic regions, far outside India's line of sight to the Moon's shadow.

This is an important distinction for search engines and readers alike: an eclipse happening "on Earth" does not mean it is visible from every country. Visibility depends entirely on whether a location falls within the Moon's shadow path at the time of the event.

The real search people needed: "Where was the solar eclipse visible on 12 August 2026?"

Where Was the Total Solar Eclipse Visible?

According to NASA Science's official eclipse page, the path of totality for the 12 August 2026 total solar eclipse began in far northern Siberia near the North Pole and swept south across the Arctic and North Atlantic oceans, crossing:

  • Northern Siberia, Russia (eclipse began near sunrise, around local midnight due to the Arctic summer sun)
  • Eastern Greenland
  • Western Iceland, including the capital Reykjavik
  • Northern Spain and a small part of Portugal

Outside this narrow band, a wider partial solar eclipse was visible across the rest of Europe, parts of North America, and parts of Africa — but again, not India, the Middle East, or Asia.

Spain's Historic Eclipse Moment

This was the first total solar eclipse visible from mainland Europe since 1999, and reports confirm it was Spain's first major total solar eclipse since 1905. Totality reached Iceland in the afternoon local time and swept into Spain in the evening, just before sunset, with the maximum duration of totality reaching about 2 minutes and 18 seconds along the centerline. Cities like Zaragoza, León, and Valladolid saw thousands of spectators gather to witness the Moon completely block the Sun, revealing the solar corona.

Totality captured in Valladolid, Spain — one of the best viewing points along the eclipse's centerline.

Why Wasn't the Eclipse Visible From India?

A solar eclipse only appears in places that fall inside the Moon's umbral or penumbral shadow at the exact moment of alignment between the Sun, Moon, and Earth. On 12 August 2026, that shadow tracked over the Arctic, Greenland, Iceland, and Spain — geographically far from South Asia. Since India was nowhere near this shadow path, the Sun appeared completely normal across the country, with no partial or total eclipse phase observable.

This is why "surya grahan" searches trended in India even though nothing was happening overhead — the event was real, just not local.

When Is the Next Solar Eclipse Visible From India?

Skywatchers in India will need to wait for a future eclipse whose path crosses South Asia. Official NASA eclipse tables (via the NASA Eclipse Website) list the timing and visibility zones of every eclipse through 2030+, and it's the most reliable source for checking future dates rather than relying on search trends alone.

Solar Eclipse Safety Reminder

Wherever an eclipse is visible, safety matters: certified eclipse glasses (ISO 12312-2 standard) must be worn during all partial phases. Only during the brief window of total eclipse totality — and only within the path of totality — is it safe to view the Sun with the naked eye.

Key Facts: Solar Eclipse 12 August 2026

  • Type: Total Solar Eclipse
  • Date: Wednesday, 12 August 2026
  • Path of totality: Northern Siberia, Greenland, Iceland, Northern Spain, part of Portugal
  • Maximum totality duration: ~2 minutes 18 seconds
  • Visible in India: No
  • Next total solar eclipse: 2 August 2027, crossing southern Spain, North Africa, Saudi Arabia, and Yemen

Source: NASA Science, NASA Scientific Visualization Studio, National Solar Observatory (NSO).

Etihad Madrid-Abu Dhabi-Delhi Route: 2022 vs 2026 Changes

Etihad Airways Madrid–Abu Dhabi–Delhi Route

What Changed Between 2022 and 2026

Flying Etihad Airways from Madrid to Abu Dhabi to Delhi is one of the most convenient ways to connect Spain with North India through the Gulf. But if you've flown this route before and again recently, you may have noticed something different in the sky. Having personally flown this exact Etihad Madrid–Abu Dhabi–Delhi route in both 2022 and 2026, the difference in the flight path is impossible to miss. The change isn't a coincidence — it's a direct result of the ongoing Israel–Iran–US conflict and the airspace restrictions that followed.

In this article, we break down exactly how the Etihad flight route from Madrid to Abu Dhabi and Abu Dhabi to Delhi has evolved, why airlines like Etihad, Emirates, and Qatar Airways had to redraw their flight paths, and what it means for passengers flying this Gulf-hub route today.

2026 Etihad Flight Route Madrid- Abu Dhabi- Delhi


The 2022 Etihad Route

Flying Over Iran and the Gulf

Back in 2022, the Etihad Madrid to Abu Dhabi sector followed a fairly direct great-circle path — crossing the Mediterranean, cutting across Turkey, and heading down through Iranian and Gulf airspace before descending into Abu Dhabi's Zayed International Airport. On the second leg, Abu Dhabi to Delhi, Etihad's A320/A321 or widebody aircraft typically flew a short, efficient corridor straight across the Arabian Sea and Pakistani or Iranian airspace into North India. At that time, Iranian, Iraqi and Gulf airspace were considered routine transit zones for European–Asian traffic, and Gulf carriers including Etihad, Emirates and Qatar Airways relied heavily on this corridor to keep flight times and fuel costs down.

2022 Etihad Flight Route Madrid- Abu Dhabi- Delhi

The 2026 Etihad Route

Rerouted Around a Closed Sky

Fast forward to 2026, and the flight map tells a completely different story. Following the collapse of earlier ceasefire arrangements between the United States and Iran, and repeated confrontations involving Israel, aviation regulators including the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) moved to prohibit civil flights from operating in the airspace of Iran, Iraq and Lebanon at any altitude. Reports from March 2026 confirm that key flight information regions — including Iran, Iraq, Israel, Qatar's neighbouring corridors, Kuwait, Bahrain and Syria — remained closed or heavily restricted for civil aviation, pushing Europe–Asia traffic onto longer northern and southern bypass routes.

For Etihad's Madrid–Abu Dhabi–Delhi service, this means the aircraft I flew in 2026 no longer cuts straight across Iranian skies. Instead, Etihad — like Emirates and Qatar Airways — now follows one of two detours:

  • The southern corridor: routing via Egypt, the Red Sea and Saudi Arabia before joining Gulf airspace into Abu Dhabi.
  • The northern corridor: tracking further via Turkey, the Caspian Sea, Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan to bypass Iranian and Iraqi skies entirely.

On the return leg from Abu Dhabi to Delhi, aircraft now stay further south over Saudi Arabia and Oman before crossing the Arabian Sea directly into Indian airspace, avoiding the more direct overland corridor that was routine in 2022.

Why the Etihad Flight Path Changed

The Israel–Iran–US Conflict

The core reason behind this shift is regional security. After US strikes on Iranian nuclear facilities and rising Israel–Iran hostilities, Etihad Airways formally suspended operations through Iranian-controlled airspace over the Strait of Hormuz and the Gulf of Oman, following a similar move by the US Federal Aviation Administration and in coordination with the UAE's General Civil Aviation Authority (GCAA). Emirates and Qatar Airways followed with comparable restrictions, and Etihad also suspended its Abu Dhabi–Tel Aviv flights entirely during periods of active conflict.

Airlines were told in no uncertain terms to stay out of the danger zone. EASA's conflict-zone bulletins through 2026 continued to instruct operators not to enter Iranian, Iraqi or Lebanese airspace at any flight level, treating it as an outright prohibition rather than a mere caution. That's why, even during quieter periods when Iranian airspace has technically reopened, many carriers — Etihad included — have chosen to keep flying the longer detours rather than risk a sudden re-closure mid-flight.

What This Means for Passengers Flying Madrid–Abu Dhabi–Delhi

If you're booking an Etihad Madrid to Delhi via Abu Dhabi ticket in 2026, here's what to expect compared with a pre-2022 or 2022-era booking:

  • Longer flight times: Detours around Iran, Iraq and Lebanon can add anywhere from 45 minutes to over an hour to long-haul sectors, depending on winds, aircraft type and which corridor (northern or southern) is used.
  • Higher fuel burn and operating cost: Airlines are absorbing extra fuel and crew costs, which has contributed to firmer fares on Gulf-hub itineraries.
  • More congestion around Abu Dhabi and Dubai: With multiple Gulf carriers funnelling traffic through the same narrow bypass corridors, both Etihad and Emirates have warned of knock-on delays at departure.
  • Occasional short-notice schedule changes: Because the situation remains fluid, Etihad has cautioned that further disruptions, reroutes or cancellations can occur with little warning, so it's worth checking your flight status closer to departure.

Etihad's Response

Adapting Without Cutting Capacity

Despite the disruption, Etihad Airways has continued operating its Madrid and Delhi services rather than suspending them outright, unlike some international carriers that paused Gulf routes altogether during peak tension periods. Etihad's leadership has stated that the airline maintains multiple contingency flight plans and coordinates closely with the GCAA to decide which corridor to use in real time, depending on how the conflict is unfolding on any given day. Zayed International Airport in Abu Dhabi has remained fully operational throughout, meaning the disruption passengers experience is about the route in the sky, not the airport on the ground.

Etihad Madrid–Abu Dhabi–Delhi: 2022 vs 2026 at a Glance

Aspect2022 Route2026 Route
Airspace usedDirect path over Turkey, Iran and Gulf statesDiverted via Egypt–Saudi Arabia (south) or Turkey–Caspian Sea (north)
Iran/Iraq overflightRoutine and permittedProhibited under EASA and GCAA guidance
Flight durationStandard scheduled timeUp to 45–90 minutes longer on affected sectors
Main driverNormal commercial routingIsrael–Iran–US conflict and airspace closures
Airport operationsUnaffectedZayed International (AUH) still fully operational

(Tip: on a phone, swipe the table sideways to see all columns.)

Watch the Journey

For a first-hand look at how the in-flight experience and visible flight path compared, here's the video recorded during the journey:

Final Thoughts

Comparing the Etihad Madrid–Abu Dhabi–Delhi flight route across 2022 and 2026 is a striking reminder of how quickly geopolitics can reshape everyday air travel. What was once a routine great-circle path over Iran and the Gulf has turned into a carefully managed detour around a closed sky, all because of the escalating Israel–Iran–US conflict. For now, travellers flying Etihad between Spain and India via Abu Dhabi should budget a little extra time, keep an eye on schedule updates, and appreciate that behind every on-time landing is an airline quietly redrawing its flight plan almost in real time.

Note: Regional airspace restrictions remain fluid and can change rapidly. Always check Etihad Airways' official channels (etihad.com) and your airport's live status before travelling.

Manual of GKS Write

📖 User Guide · Version 1.1.5

GKS Write — Complete Guide

Everything you need to manage references, write manuscripts with AI, and collaborate with co-authors — all inside Firefox.

1. Installation

1
Open Firefox and install GKS Write from Firefox Add-ons (or the provided .xpi file).
2
Click Add to Firefox → confirm the permission prompt.
3
The GKS Write icon appears in your toolbar. Click it to open the sidebar.
Firefox toolbar — GKS Write icon
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12345678 GKS Write

2. AI Setup — Choose Your Option

Open the sidebar → click ⚙️ Settings in the top right corner. You will see three options:

Settings panel — AI Setup options
⚙️ AI Setup — choose one option ✅ Option A — Use my own free AI key Get a free key from Google Gemini or Groq — takes 2 minutes ✨ Google Gemini (free) ⚡ Groq (free) 🔑 Option B — No API key, use GKS Write directly No setup needed — works on the free plan with limited access ⭐ Option C — Upgrade to Pro Unlimited devices, backups, priority AI — enter license key FREE

Option A — Bring your own free AI key (recommended)

  1. Click Option A — the API key fields appear
  2. Visit Google AI Studio (aistudio.google.com/app/apikey) or Groq Console (console.groq.com/keys) — both free
  3. Click Create API Key on either site and copy the key
  4. Choose the matching provider from the dropdown
  5. Paste your key and click Save
💡 Both Gemini and Groq offer generous free tiers — enough for regular manuscript writing without any cost.

Option B — No API key

If you don't want to set up a key, just select Option B. GKS Write routes your AI requests through its own backend with a limited free quota — good for trying the tool out.

Option C — Pro license

If you purchased Pro, paste your license key (format PRO-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX) and click Activate. The badge in the top-right of Settings changes to ⭐ PRO immediately.

3. Capturing References — One Click

GKS Write works like Zotero — visit any paper page and capture it instantly.

Capturing a reference from PubMed
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38349749 Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Exosomes Alleviate Acute Lung Injury by Inhibiting Alveolar Macrophage... Liu P, Yang S, Shao X, Li C, Wang Z, Dai H, Wang C. Stem Cells Transl Med. 2024 Apr 15;13(4):371-386. GKS Write Paper detected Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived... Liu P, Yang S, Shao X et al. Stem Cells Transl Med · 2024 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szad094 💾 Save to Library
1
Visit any paper on PubMed, Europe PMC, ScienceDirect, Springer, Wiley, Nature, BMJ, NEJM, JAMA, The Lancet, and most journal sites
2
Click the GKS Write toolbar icon
3
If detected, all fields are filled automatically — title, authors (abbreviated Vancouver style), journal, year, volume, issue, pages, DOI, PMID
4
Click 💾 Save to Library
📌 If a DOI is found but the title is missing, GKS Write automatically looks it up via Crossref and fills everything in.

4. DOI Lookup

If a page can't be auto-detected (e.g. an unsupported site), GKS Write offers manual DOI lookup.

1
Click the toolbar icon — if nothing is detected, the "Choose how to add this paper" screen appears
2
Click Add by DOI
3
Paste the DOI (e.g. 10.1093/stcltm/szad094)
4
Click Look up — Crossref returns the full reference automatically
5
Review the fields, then click Save

5. Manual Entry & PDF Import

Manual entry

Click Add Manually on the "Choose how to add" screen and fill in: Title, Authors, Journal, Year, Volume(Issue), Pages, DOI.

PDF import

Click Upload PDF, choose a PDF file from your computer. GKS Write extracts the DOI from the PDF metadata and looks it up via Crossref to fill all fields automatically.

6. The Write Tab — Generate a Manuscript

Write tab — 5 steps
1 Select references Check the references from your library to cite in this manuscript 2 Document setup Topic, target journal, document type, citation style Topic: e.g. "Exosome therapy in ARDS" 3 Structure Choose sections: Abstract, Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion, Conclusion 4 Figures & tables Upload images/tables to insert into the manuscript later 5 AI settings Status shown here — click ⚙️ Open AI Settings if not configured 🚀 Generate Manuscript
  1. Select references — tick which saved references AI may cite
  2. Document setup — describe your topic, paste target journal name, pick document type (Research Article, Review, Case Report, Thesis Chapter, Grant Proposal etc.) and citation style (Vancouver, APA, Harvard, MLA, Nature, AMA...)
  3. Structure — tick the sections you want generated
  4. Figures & tables — optionally upload images to reference later
  5. AI settings — confirm your AI is configured (see Section 2)

Click 🚀 Generate Manuscript. The AI writes the full draft and switches you to the Editor tab automatically, with citations already inserted from your selected references.

7. The Editor Toolbar

Editor toolbar — all buttons
B I U H2 ↩ Undo ↪ Redo H3 List 📎 Cite 🔢 Update Order ✓ Spell ✏️ Update 🕓 History 🖼 Insert Figure 👥 Collab 🔀 Merge TXT DOC PDF 📦 Pack
ButtonWhat it does
↩ Undo / ↪ RedoStandard undo/redo (Ctrl+Z / Ctrl+Y). Also works for tracked collaborator changes.
📎 CiteOpens the reference picker — insert one or more citations at the cursor
🔢 Update OrderRenumbers all citations sequentially based on order of appearance in the text
✓ SpellRuns a spell/grammar check on the manuscript
✏️ UpdateSelect any text, click this — AI rewrites/expands/edits the selection. A snapshot is saved before the change.
🕓 HistoryBrowse and restore previous versions saved automatically before each AI edit
🖼 Insert FigureInsert an uploaded figure/table at the cursor
👥 CollabCreate a collaboration pack to send to a co-author (Section 12)
🔀 MergeLoad a returned collaborator pack for review, or add another collaborator's pack
TXT / DOC / PDFExport the manuscript in these formats (DOC opens in Word/LibreOffice)
📦 PackSave your full session (manuscript + references) as a .gkspack file

8. Inserting Citations — Single or Multiple

Insert Reference dialog — selecting multiple references
📎 Insert Reference 🔍 Search references… Search and select references one by one — selected ones stay highlighted even when you search again. Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Exosomes... Liu P, Yang S · Stem Cells Transl Med · 2024 Extracellular Vesicles in Acute Respiratory... Wang T, Zhao L · Respir Res · 2023 Pyroptosis Pathways in Lung Injury Models Dai H, Wang C · Cell Death Dis · 2024 2 selected 📎 Insert

Inserting one or more citations

1
Place your cursor where the citation should appear
2
Click 📎 Cite
3
Search and click a reference — it highlights and stays selected
4
Search again for another reference — your first selection is remembered
5
Click 📎 Insert — all selected references are inserted together, e.g. [6,7,14]
💡 Citation numbering continues correctly even after closing and reopening a .gkspack — if your last session ended at [10], the next citation starts at [11].

Renumbering citations

If you reorder paragraphs and citation numbers are out of sequence, click 🔢 Update Order to renumber everything based on order of appearance.

9. Viewing Citation Details

Click any citation number in the manuscript (e.g. [6,14,7]) to see full details for every reference in that citation.

Citation tooltip — multiple references
...inhibits macrophage pyroptosis [6,14,7] in ARDS models. REFERENCES [6,14,7] [6] Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Exosomes... Liu P, Yang S · Stem Cells Transl Med 2024;13(4):371-386 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szad094 · 🔗 Open paper [14] Extracellular Vesicles in Acute Respiratory... Wang T, Zhao L · Respir Res 2023;24:112 ↓ Go to reference list
  • Each reference shows title, authors, journal, volume/issue/pages, DOI, PMID
  • 🔗 Open paper opens the DOI link in a new tab
  • ↓ Go to reference list scrolls to the reference list at the bottom of the editor and highlights all matching entries in teal for 2.5 seconds
  • Click anywhere outside the tooltip to close it

10. Version History

Every time you click ✏️ Update, GKS Write automatically saves a snapshot of your manuscript before the AI makes changes.

1
Click 🕓 History
2
Browse the list of saved versions, each labelled with the instruction that triggered it
3
Click any version to preview it
4
Click Restore to revert the editor to that version
⚠️ Restoring a version replaces your current editor content. Export your current work first with 📦 Pack if you want to keep both.

11. .gkspack Files — Save & Restore Sessions

A .gkspack file is a complete snapshot of your work: manuscript content, document settings, citation style, and your entire reference library.

Saving

Click 📦 Pack in the editor toolbar. A file named gks-session.gkspack downloads.

Restoring

  • Drag the .gkspack file anywhere onto the editor area, or
  • Use the 📂 Open Pack button in the Library tab header

Your manuscript, references, and citation numbering are all restored exactly as you left them.

Plan.gkspack downloadsDevices
Free30 per month1 device
Pro ⭐UnlimitedUnlimited
📌 Without a .gkspack backup, your library and manuscript cannot be transferred to another device. Free users get 30 downloads/month — about one per day.

12. Collaboration — Sending to a Co-Author

Collaboration setup dialog
👥 Collaboration Send a collaboration pack to your co-author. Their edits will appear in colour when returned. Collaborator name e.g. Dr. Smith Assign colour 📋 1. Create pack → 2. Send to collaborator → 3. They edit → 4. Send back → 5. You Accept/Reject each change 📦 Create Collab Pack
1
Open your manuscript in the Editor tab
2
Click 👥 Collab
3
Enter the collaborator's name (e.g. "Dr. Smith")
4
Pick a colour for their edits
5
Click 📦 Create Collab Pack — downloads collab-dr-smith.gkspack
6
Email this file to Dr. Smith

13. Collaboration — Editing as a Collaborator

1
Dr. Smith installs GKS Write (free) and opens collab-dr-smith.gkspack (drag into editor or 📂 Open Pack)
2
A welcome modal appears: "You are a collaborator — your edits recorded in Blue"
3
Clicks Start Editing → — status bar shows "✏️ Track Changes ON — Dr. Smith"
4
Edits the manuscript normally
Tracked changes — additions and deletions in collaborator's colour
The exosomes significantly reduced decreased inflammation markers. 🔵 Blue background + underline = text Dr. Smith added 🔵 Blue strikethrough = text Dr. Smith deleted ✏️ Track Changes ON — Dr. Smith
5
Text added appears with their colour background + underline; text deleted appears with strikethrough (still visible, not removed)
6
Citations inserted while editing also appear in their colour
7
↩ Undo / ↪ Redo work normally even with tracked changes
8
When done, click 📦 Pack — downloads collab-dr-smith-edited.gkspack
9
Email this file back to the author

14. Collaboration — Reviewing Changes

Review bar and accept/reject
Reviewing Dr. Smith's changes 12 changes to review ✅ Accept All ❌ Reject All Done The exosomes significantly reduced inflammation markers. 👆 Click = ✅ Accept (flashes green, colour removed, text kept) 👆 Right-click = ❌ Reject (flashes red, text removed)
1
Open collab-dr-smith-edited.gkspack — the file Dr. Smith sent back
2
A review bar appears: "● Reviewing Dr. Smith's changes — 12 changes to review"
3
Click any coloured text → flashes green → accepted (text stays, colour removed)
4
Right-click any coloured text → flashes red → rejected (addition removed / deletion restored)
5
Or use ✅ Accept All / ❌ Reject All for everything at once
6
Click Done when finished, then 📦 Pack to save the clean manuscript

15. Merging Multiple Collaborators

If you sent the manuscript to two or more co-authors, you can review all of their changes together.

1
Open the first collaborator's edited pack normally — review bar shows their colour
2
Click 🔀 Merge and select the second collaborator's edited pack
3
Their changes appear in their own colour. Review bar updates: "● ● Reviewing 2 collaborators' changes"
4
Click 🔀 Merge again to add a third collaborator if needed

When two collaborators edit the same paragraph

Conflict — both versions shown side by side
⚠️ CONFLICT — Smith & Jones both edited this section 👆 Click a version to accept · right-click to discard ✏️ Smith's version ✅ click accept · right-click discard 2 Instituto Universitario de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA), Universidad de Valladolid over all india ✏️ Jones's version ✅ click accept · right-click discard 2 Instituto Universitario de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA), Universidad de Valladolid my name is india
  • Click anywhere in a version's block → that whole version is accepted (clean text, no colours), the other version disappears
  • Right-click a version → that version is discarded. If only one version remains, it is automatically accepted
  • You can also click individual coloured words/letters inside a version if you want finer control
⚠️ Only packs returned by a collaborator (containing tracked changes) can be used with 🔀 Merge. A regular gks-session.gkspack cannot be merged — it has no tracked changes.

16. Free vs Pro

FeatureFreePro ⭐
Reference library & capture
AI manuscript writing✅ (own key or limited)✅ Priority
Citation styles (Vancouver, APA, Harvard, MLA...)
Collaboration & track changes
.gkspack downloads30/monthUnlimited
Devices1Unlimited
API key requiredOptionalNot needed

See Pricing for current plans and to activate a license key.

17. Frequently Asked Questions

Why does it say "Could not read this page automatically"?
This appears on pages GKS Write cannot recognise as a journal article (e.g. search results pages, Google Scholar listing pages, non-academic sites). Open the actual paper's page, or use Add by DOI if you know the DOI.
My citation only shows one reference even though I inserted [6,14,7]
Click directly on the citation number — the tooltip shows ALL references in that citation with full details for each, not just the first one. If you're on an older version, update to 1.1.5 or later.
After reopening a .gkspack, new citations start from [1] again
This is fixed in current versions — GKS Write scans the existing citations in the manuscript when a pack is loaded and continues numbering from where you left off (e.g. starts at [11] if [1]-[10] already exist).
🔀 Merge says "This is not a collaboration pack"
You selected the wrong file. Only packs returned by a collaborator after editing (e.g. collab-dr-smith-edited.gkspack) contain tracked changes and can be merged. The original pack you sent, or your own regular gks-session.gkspack, cannot be merged.
I can't select multiple files when clicking 🔀 Merge
You don't need to select multiple files at once. Click 🔀 Merge, pick the first collaborator's pack. Once it's loaded, click 🔀 Merge again and pick the second collaborator's pack. Repeat for each additional collaborator.
Undo/Redo doesn't work while editing a collaboration pack
GKS Write maintains a separate undo/redo history for tracked-changes mode so collaborator edits can always be undone with Ctrl+Z / Ctrl+Y or the ↩ Undo / ↪ Redo buttons, independent of the browser's native undo.
Do I need my own AI API key?
No — Option B in Settings lets you use GKS Write without any key on the free plan with limited access. Option A (your own free Gemini or Groq key) gives unrestricted use at no cost. Option C (Pro) removes the need for a key entirely.
Where are my references and manuscript stored?
Everything is stored locally in your browser. Nothing is uploaded to GKS Write's servers except AI requests when using Option B or C (Pro), which are processed and not retained. See our Privacy Policy.
The "DOC" download opens as HTML — is that correct?
Yes. The file is HTML formatted but saved with a .doc extension, which Word, LibreOffice, and Google Docs all open directly with full formatting (headings, citations, tables) preserved.
Can I use GKS Write on Chrome, Edge, or Firefox Android?
Currently GKS Write is built for Firefox Desktop only. Firefox for Android does not support the sidebar feature this extension relies on. A Chrome/Edge version would require a separate Manifest V3 build.
How do I increase my .gkspack download limit?
Free accounts get 30 downloads per month on one device. Upgrading to Pro (Option C in Settings) removes this limit entirely and allows unlimited devices. See Pricing.
🚀

Ready to start writing smarter?

Install GKS Write for free and start saving references, generating manuscripts with AI, and collaborating with your co-authors — all inside Firefox.

⬇ Click To Download GKS Write Now

Free to install · Firefox Add-ons store

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